Bladder cancer is classified based on the type of cells that become cancerous. The three main types of bladder cancer are:

1. Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC)

• Description: Also known as urothelial carcinoma, TCC is the most common type of bladder cancer, accounting for about 90% of cases. It begins in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder.
• Subtypes: TCC can be further categorized into non-muscle invasive (superficial) and muscle-invasive types, based on how deeply the cancer invades the bladder wall.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute

2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Description: This type accounts for about 4% of bladder cancers in the United States. It begins in the thin, flat squamous cells that may form in the bladder after long-term infection or irritation.
• Characteristics: Squamous cell carcinomas tend to be more aggressive and are often diagnosed at a more advanced stage.
• Sources: Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Medicine

3. Adenocarcinoma

• Description: This rare type makes up about 2% of bladder cancers and begins in glandular cells that are usually not present in the bladder. These cells can develop from a condition called cystitis glandularis.
• Characteristics: Adenocarcinomas of the bladder are often aggressive and diagnosed at an advanced stage.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, Cleveland Clinic

Other Types and Variants

1. Small Cell Carcinoma
   • Description: This is a rare, highly aggressive form of bladder cancer that begins in neuroendocrine cells.
   • Sources: American Cancer Society
2. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
   • Description: A rare form that has features of both carcinoma and sarcoma.
   • Sources: National Cancer Institute
3. Micropapillary Carcinoma
   • Description: A rare and aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma.
   • Sources: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)

Understanding the type of bladder cancer is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment and management strategies. Always consult with healthcare professionals for a comprehensive diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. For more detailed information, you can visit:

• American Cancer Society
• National Cancer Institute
• Mayo Clinic