Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin. There are several different types of melanoma, each with distinct characteristics and behaviors. Here are the primary types of melanoma:

1. Superficial Spreading Melanoma

• Description: This is the most common type of melanoma, accounting for about 70% of all cases. It usually starts as a flat or slightly raised discolored patch that has irregular borders and can vary in color.
• Characteristics: It tends to spread across the top layer of the skin (epidermis) before penetrating deeper layers.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, Mayo Clinic

2. Nodular Melanoma

• Description: This type accounts for about 15-20% of melanomas and is more aggressive than superficial spreading melanoma. It typically appears as a raised bump that is usually black, but can also be blue, gray, white, brown, tan, or red.
• Characteristics: Nodular melanoma grows more rapidly in thickness (vertically) and can spread more quickly to other parts of the body.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, Mayo Clinic

3. Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

• Description: This type is more common in older adults and accounts for about 10-15% of melanomas. It typically develops in areas of long-term sun exposure, such as the face, ears, arms, and upper trunk.
• Characteristics: It starts as a flat or slightly elevated mottled tan, brown, or dark brown discoloration. Lentigo maligna melanoma grows slowly and can remain in the top layer of the skin for years before penetrating deeper.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute

4. Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

• Description: This rare type accounts for less than 5% of melanomas and is more common in people with darker skin. It typically occurs on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or under the nails.
• Characteristics: Acral lentiginous melanoma appears as a black or brown discoloration. It is not associated with sun exposure and often goes unnoticed until it is in an advanced stage.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, Mayo Clinic

5. Desmoplastic Melanoma

• Description: This is a rare type of melanoma that can be difficult to diagnose. It often presents as a firm, scar-like lump on the skin.
• Characteristics: Desmoplastic melanoma tends to be less pigmented than other melanomas and can be mistaken for a benign condition such as a scar or cyst. It is more likely to occur on sun-exposed areas of the head and neck.
• Sources: American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute

Conclusion

Understanding the different types of melanoma is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. Each type has distinct characteristics that influence its behavior and the approach to treatment. If you notice any suspicious changes in your skin, it is important to seek medical evaluation promptly.

Further Reading

• American Cancer Society: What Is Melanoma Skin Cancer?
• Mayo Clinic: Melanoma
• National Cancer Institute: Melanoma

These resources provide comprehensive information on the different types of melanoma and their characteristics.