Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives skin its color. Early detection of melanoma is crucial for effective treatment and better outcomes. Here are the common early signs and symptoms of melanoma:

1. Changes in Existing Moles

• Asymmetry: One half of the mole does not match the other half.
• Border: The edges are irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred.
• Color: The color is not uniform and may include shades of brown, black, or sometimes patches of pink, red, white, or blue.
• Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 millimeters (about 1/4 inch, the size of a pencil eraser), although melanomas can be smaller.
• Evolving: The mole changes in size, shape, or color over time.

2. New Spots on the Skin

• A new growth or spot on the skin that changes in appearance or grows over time should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

3. Unusual Sores, Lumps, or Blemishes

• Any new skin lesion that doesn’t heal or persists for a long time could be a sign of melanoma.

4. Itchiness, Tenderness, or Pain

• A mole or skin lesion that itches, is tender to the touch, or causes pain.

5. Changes in the Skin’s Texture or Sensation

• The skin may become scaly, start to ooze, or bleed. Changes in how the skin feels, such as becoming hard or lumpy, can also be a sign of melanoma.

ABCDE Rule

The ABCDE rule is a helpful guide for identifying the warning signs of melanoma:

• Asymmetry: One half is unlike the other half.
• Border: Irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined border.
• Color: Varied from one area to another; shades of tan, brown, black, sometimes white, red, or blue.
• Diameter: Melanomas are usually greater than 6mm when diagnosed, but they can be smaller.
• Evolving: A mole or skin lesion that looks different from the rest or is changing in size, shape, or color.

Sources

• American Cancer Society
• Mayo Clinic
• National Cancer Institute

By recognizing these early signs and symptoms, individuals can seek medical evaluation sooner, leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.