Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that forms in plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell. Symptoms can vary widely and often develop slowly, making early detection challenging. Here are some common early signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma:

1. Bone Pain

• Description: Persistent pain, often in the back, ribs, or hips.
• Explanation: Myeloma cells can form tumors within the bone marrow, causing bones to weaken and become painful.
• Sources: Mayo Clinic, American Cancer Society

2. Frequent Infections

• Description: Increased susceptibility to infections, such as pneumonia.
• Explanation: Multiple myeloma impairs the immune system, reducing its ability to fight off infections.
• Sources: National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society

3. Fatigue

• Description: Persistent tiredness and weakness.
• Explanation: Anemia, caused by a decrease in red blood cells due to bone marrow infiltration by myeloma cells, can lead to fatigue.
• Sources: Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic

4. Hypercalcemia

• Description: High levels of calcium in the blood, leading to symptoms such as nausea, constipation, excessive thirst, frequent urination, and confusion.
• Explanation: Bone destruction releases calcium into the bloodstream.
• Sources: National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society

5. Kidney Problems

• Description: Symptoms may include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and swelling in the legs and ankles.
• Explanation: High levels of proteins produced by myeloma cells (monoclonal proteins) can damage the kidneys.
• Sources: Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic

Additional Symptoms

• Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss can occur in advanced stages.
• Neurological Symptoms: Numbness, weakness, or tingling, particularly in the legs, due to spinal cord compression by tumors.
• Frequent or Easy Bruising and Bleeding: Due to low platelet counts.

Conclusion

Recognizing the early signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. If you experience any of these symptoms persistently, it is important to seek medical advice for further evaluation.

Further Reading

• Mayo Clinic: Multiple Myeloma
• American Cancer Society: Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma
• National Cancer Institute: Multiple Myeloma Treatment (PDQ®)
• Cleveland Clinic: Multiple Myeloma

These resources provide comprehensive information on the early signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma.